Gabriel von Toggenburg Institute for Minority Rights Drususallee/Viale Druso, 1 39100 Bozen/Bolzano  Tel. +39 0471 055 215  Fax +39 0471 055 299  contact

GABRIEL NIKOLAIJ TOGGENBURG
 Position   -     Publications   -   Press  -    Presentations - Education   -  Background  

I. CURRENT POSITION

Gabriel N. Toggenburg gained his Ph.D. from the European University Institute in Florence (EUI) and is since 1998 working at the European Academy Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC) where he is a Senior Researcher at the Institute for Minority Rights responsible for the area of EU law.
He has widely published in the field of human rights, the protection of minorities, language policy, the topic of European diversity managment and general issues of EU constitutional law. Toggenburg was the initiator of the Bolzano/Bozen Declaration and provided expertise to various EU-institutions and NGOs at European level. He is a member of editorial boards of the European Law Reporter (St. Gallen/Luxembourg), the  European Yearbook on Minority Issues (Nijhoff: Boston/Leiden) and the European Diversity and Autonomy Papers (EDAP, www.eurac.edu/edap). Toggenburg teaches in postgraduate programmes such as the Executive M.B.L. in St. Gallen (Switzerland) or the Master in European Intergration and Regionalism (MEIR). Most recently Toggenburg was teaching as a Visiting Professor in the Department of International Studies at the University of Miami (spring term 2008).

II. PUBLICATIONS
(where title in RED: full text accessible online)

• Die ersten Schritte der EU-Grundrechteagentur in Wien,
  in Volkmar Deile et al. (eds.), Jahrbuch Menschenrechte 2009, Böhlau Verlag, Wien 2008 (forthcoming)

• Menschenrechtspolitik 2008,
  in Weidenfeld/Wessels (eds.), Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration 2008, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008 (forthcoming)

• The role of the new EU Fundamental Rights Agency: Debating the "sex of angels" or improving Europe's human rights performance?,
  in European Law Review, June 2008, pp. 385-398
• "LGBT" go Luxembourg: on the stance of Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Rights before the European Court of Justice,
  in European Law Reporter, 5(2008), pp. 174-185
• Die Europäische Dimension des Gruber-Degasperi-Abkommens: Versuch einer Annäherung,
  in Lorenzo Zalla/Marco Pontoni (ed.), Die Europäische Dimension des Gruber-Degasperi-Abkommens, Landesregierung der Autonomen Provinz Trient, Trient 2008, pp. 26-50
• The protection of Minorities at the EU-level: a Tightrope Walk between (ethnic) Diversity and (territorial) Subsidiarity,
  in Lantschner, Marko and Petricusic (eds.), European Integration and its Effects on Minoroty Protection in South Easetrn Europe, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008 (in print)
• Menschenrechts- und Minderheitenschutz in der Europäischen Union,
  in Werner Weidenfeld (ed.), Europa-Handbuch (5. ed.), Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2007 (in print) 
• Discrimination by association: a notion covered by EU-equality law?
  in European Law Reporter, May 2008, pp. 82-88
• La dimensione europea dell'Accordo Degasperi-Gruber: tentativo di approfondimento,
  in Federalismi, Anno VI
• Regional autonomies providing minority-rights and the law of European Integration: experiences from South Tyrol,
  in Joseph Marko et al. (ed.), Tolerance established by Law. The Autonomy of South Tyrol: Self-Governance and Minority Rights, Martinus Nijhoff, 2008, pp. 177-200
• The Debate on European Values and the case of Cultural Diversity,
  in Minorities Research, 10(2008), pp. 109-130 [this is just a reprint of the 2004 EDAP paper]
• Die Grundrechteagentur der Europäischen Union: Perspektiven, Aufgaben, Strukturen und Umfeld einer neuen Einrichtung im Europäischen Menschenrechtsraum,
  in MenschenRechtsMagazin Heft 1/2007, S. 86-104
• Introduction: Europe and the Integration of Integration,
  in Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Volume 6 (2007: The Year of Equal Opportunities for All?)
• Menschenrechtspolitik 2007,
  in Weidenfeld/Wessels (eds.), Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration 2007, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2007, pp. 167-172
• The EU Fundamental Rights Agency: Satellite or Guiding Star? Raison d'être, tasks and challenges of the EU's new agency,
  Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik SWP Comments 2007 / C 05 (available also in German)
• Dreimaldrei des Verhältnisses zwischen (dem Recht) der Europäischen Union und dem Phänomen der Religion,
  in EALIZ (ed.),Atheismen und Säkularisierung oder Wie religiös sind noch die Bürgergesellschaften Europas, Waidhofen 2007, pp. 45-62 
• Die Europäische Union und die Rechte ihrer Menschen: Ein Blick auf die jüngsten Entwicklungen in der EU-Menschenrechtspolitik,
  in EALIZ (ed.), Globalisierung und Neoliberalismus im Spiegelbild der Zukunft der Bürgergesellschaften Europas, Waidhofen, 2007, pp. 103-114 
• Menschenrechtspolitik 2006,
  in Weidenfeld/Wessels (eds.), Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration 2006, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2006, pp. 187-190.
• A remaining share or a new part? The Union's role vis-à-vis minorities after the enlargement decade,
  EUI Working Papers 15(2006)
• Marke, Markt und Sprache: Zur markenrechtlichen Stellung fremdsprachlicher Begriffe im vielsprachigen Binnenmarkt,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2006, number 4, pp. 163-168
• Die regionale Dimension des EU-Verfassungsvertrages: Betrachtungen im Dreieck zwischen Mitbestimmung, Identität und Subsidiarität,
  in Simon Laimer (ed.), Euregio-Quo vadis?, Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Graz/Bozen/Wien, pp. 27-47
• Die Sprache und der Binnenmarkt im Europa der EU: eine kleine Beziehungsaufstellung in 10 Punkten, in Gerte Reichelt (ed.), Sprache und Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Europäischen Gemeinschaftsrechts, Manz, Wien 2006, pp. 43-69. Published also in a slightly updated version as Die Sprache und der Binnenmarkt im Europa der EU: eine kleine Beziehungsaufstellung in 10 Punkten, in  European Diversity and Autonomy Papers - EDAP 2004/1.  
• Menschenrechtspolitik 2005,
  in Weidenfeld/Wessels (eds.), Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration 2005, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2005, pp. 145-148.
• Who is managing ethnic and cultural diversity within the European Condominium? The moments of entry, integration and preservation,
  in Journal for Common Market Studies, Volume 43, Number 4, pp. 717-737
• Europas Integration und Südtirols Autonomie: Konfrontation - Kohabitation - Kooperation?,
  in Joseph Marko et al., Die Verfassung der Südtiroler Autonomie, Nomos 2005, pp. 451-494.
• Grundrechte, Grundfreiheiten, Grund zum Nachfragen anlässlich der Rechtssache Omega,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2005, number 1, p. 2-6.
• Minority Protection in a Supranational Context: Limits and Opportunities,
  in Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Minority Protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, LGI Books, Budapest, 2004, pp. 1-36.
• The Debate on European values and the case of cultural diversity,
  in  European Diversity and Autonomy Papers - EDAP 2004/1
• The EU's "Linguistic diversity": Fuel or brake to the mobility of workers,
  in Andrew P. Morriss and  Samuel Estreicher (eds.), Cross-Border Human Ressources, labor and Employment Issues: Proceedings of the New York University 54th Annual Conference on labor, Kluwer International 2004, pp. 675-721. This article will also be published as "Diversity of Languages and Mobility of Persons" in Bruno de Witte and Miriam Aziz (eds.), European Law and Linguistic Diversity, Antwerpen, Intersentia.
• Der (dritte) Weg zur (v)erfassbaren Religionsidee der EU,
  in Politik und Religion in Europa, Basler Schriften zur Europäischen Integration Nr.  68
• Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: the way forward,
  LGI Books, Budapest/New York, 2004
• Some reflections on the "treaty establishing a constitution for Europe",
  together with Orsolya Farkas, in Vojtech Mastny, Sergio Ortino and Mitja Zagar (eds.), Changing faces of federalism, Manchester University Press, Manchester , 2004, pp. 246-273.
• Human Rights and membership of the European Union,
  together with Bruno de Witte in: Steve Peers and Angela Ward, The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Hart Publishing, 2004, pp. 59-82.
• "Unity in diversity": searching for the regional dimension in the context of a somewhat foggy constitutional credo,
  in Roberto Toniatti, Marco Dani and Francesco Palermo,  An ever more complex Union. The regional variable as missing link in the European Constitution, Nomos 2004, pp. 27-56.
• Unification via Diversification - what does it mean to be "united in diversity"?,
  in EUMAP feature "Enlargement Day", 1 may 2004.
• Streitpunkt Ökopunkte: Aussterbende Vermittler zwischen europäischem Verkehr und regionaler Umwelt,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2003, number 10, pp. 371-380
• Cultural Diversity at the Background of the European Debate on Values: an Introduction,
  in F. Palermo and G.N. Toggenburg (eds.), European Constitutional Values and Cultural Diversity, 2003, pp. 9-23 (out of print). For a an online review of the book see the German Law Journal (Vol. 5 No. 4).
• Minorities (...) the European Union: is the missing link an 'of' or a 'within'?
  in Journal of European Integration, 2003, Vol. 25 (3), September, pp. 273-284.
• Der Status von Amts- und Minderheitensprachen in der Europäischen Union - Sprachen im Rechtskonflikt zwischen kultureller Vielfalt und effizientem Binnemarkt,
  in J. Bester-Dilger et.al (eds.), Mehrsprachigkeit in der erweiterten Union, Drava, 2003, pp. 266-268
• O orientare aspră într-o relaţie delicată: străduinţele Uniunii Europene pentru minorităţi(-le sale),
  in Integrarea si statutul minoritatilor (special focus of ALTERA 20/21, 2003) 
• Vertragsänderung im Tandem: Regierungskonferenz und Europäischer Konvent
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2002, number 11, pp. 398-402
• Familienangehörige aus Drittstaaten: der Schutz des Familienlebens als trompe d´oiel Tor zum Binnenmarkt?,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2002, number 9, pp. 319-328
• The Race Directive: A New Dimension in the Fight against Ethnic Discrimination in Europe,
  in EYMI European Yearbook on Minority Issues 2002, Kluwer Law International, 2002, pp. 231-244)
• Egy kényes kapcsolatrendszer: az Európai Unió és a kisebbségi jogok,
  in Pro Minoritate, 2002/Tavsaz, pp. 14-50.
• Sprache versus Markt: ist die EFTA vielfalts- oder einfallslos?,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2002, number 6, pp. 217-223
• Aufblühende Biotechnik-Richtlinie: welkendes Harmonisierungskonzept?, 
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2002, number 2, pp. 51-58
• Politische Zugehörigkeit in Europäischen Fraktionen,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2001, number 12, pp. 387-395
• Diritto comunitario e tutela delle minoranze in provincia di Bolzano. Due aspetti inconciliabili di un (unico) sistema?,
  in J.Marko/S.Ortino/F.Palermo (ed.), L'ordinamento speciale della provincia autonoma di Bolzano, Cedam, 2001, pp. 139-195
• La crisi austriaca: delicati equilibrismi sospesi tra molte dimensioni,
  in DPCE Diritto pubblico comparato ed europeo, II/2001, pp. 735-756
• A rough orientation through a delicate relationship: the European Union's endeavours for (its) minorities,
  in S.Trifunovska (ed.), European Minorities and Languages, Asser, 2001, pp. 205-235,
  online version in European Integration online Papers (EioP) Vol. 4 (2000), n. 16
• Horizontale Drittwirkung der Personenfreizügigleit vor dem Hintergrund der Südtiroler Autonomie,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2000, number 7/8, pp. 242-247
• Chi di ricorso lacunoso ferisce, di sentenza lacunosa perisce,
  in DPCE Diritto pubblico comparato ed europeo, 2000-I, pp. 237-239 (together with Michael Hofstötter)
• Handlungsspielraum nationaler Behörden im Verfahren zum Inverkehrbringen genetisch veränderter Organismen,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2000, number 5, pp.199-203
• Recht der Parteien auf Stellungnahme zu den Schlussanträgen des Generalanwaltes?,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2000, number 2, pp. 57-60
• WTO: Unmittelbare Anwendbarkeit weiterhin unanwendbar!
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 2000, number 1, pp. 46-51
• Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung und Flughafenerweiterung: Neues zur Richtlinie 85/337/EWG,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 10, pp. 472-476 (together with Michael. Hofstötter)
• Flughafen Bozen in Luxembourg-Ein Blick auf den europarechtlichen Hintergrund,
  in INFORMATOR, 4/1999, pp. 89-121
• Position des Parlamentes im Europäischen Aussenhandel,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 11, pp. 483-485
• Der Kompetenzfriede zwischen Landwirtschaft und Umwelt
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 6, p. 278
• Sprachliche Vielfalt versus industrielle Entfaltung,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 4, p.150-153
• L'Austria: Tentativi di istituzionalizzare la partecipazione dei Länder,
  Elaborazione e attuazione del diritto comunitario. Valutazione delle esperienze comparate e proposte per l`Italia, 1999, Vol 11, pp. 15-26
• Ausweisung von EU-Bürgern nach einer Verurteilung im Strafverfahren,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 2, pp. 65-67 (together with M. Hofstötter)
• Der EuGH und der Minderheitenschutz,
  in ELR European Law Reporter, 1999, number 1, pp. 11-15

III. Essays, comments and interviews in non-scientific journals and the press

• Old Europe and young Europeans: The EU's approach to children's rights,
  interview given to ACADEMIA, May 2008, pp. 42-45
• In Zukunft kann man mehr Klarheit erwarten,
  interview given to KURIER, 14 December 2007, p. 5
• Der Europäische Haftbefehl,
  Analysis in PANEUROPA, September 2007 
• Menschenrechte sind nicht nebulos,
  interview given to KURIER, 14 July 2007, p. 5
• Verengt sich die Erweiterung?
  Interview given to EURAC-FOCUS, 13 June 2007
• Was hat denn die EU mit Regionen zu tun?,
  Interview in ACADEMIA 43(2007), pp. 15-17
• Die EU-Menschenrechtsbrille,
  Essay in DIE FURCHE, 15 February 2007
• Grundrechtsagentur: In sieben Punkten vom Schattensatellit zum Leitstern,
  Essay in DER STANDARD, 6 December 2006
• "Hüfts nix, schods nix",
  Essay on the South-Tyrol-clause in the Austrian constitution, in FF 40(2006), 5 October 2006, pp. 42 and 43.
• Es gibt ein Leben jenseits der Menschenrechtsagentur,
  interview in ACADEMIA 41 (2006), pp. 7-9 (initially published with DER STANDARD, 28 July 2006
• Europa - ein Pferd auf das niemand mehr setzen will?,
  Essay in DER STANDARD, 9 May 2006, p. 
• Die EU benützt die Menschenrechte um einen Mythos zu schaffen,
  interview given to DER STANDARD, 2 May 2006
• Reisepass, Identität und Sprache,
  Comment in DOLOMITEN, 26 November 2005
• Was tun gegen die Eurosklerose? Zur Kritik am "Pathos der EU-Ideologen",
  Essay in DER STANDARD, 8 September 2005, p. 
• Is there an EU approach towards religion?,
  interview given to ACADEMIA 38 (2005), pp. 11-13
• Verliebt, verlobt, verheiratet,
  Essay in ACADEMIA 38 (2005),  pp. 4-7
• EU schafft Grundrechte Agentur,
  comment in DOLOMITEN, 6 July 2005
• L'Europe, une Tour de Babel : avantage ou inconvénient ?,
  Essay in the European current affairs magazine "CAFE BABEL", 20 June 2005
• Kleine Sprachen, grosser Durchbruch?,
  comment in DOLOMITEN, 21 June 2005
• Ist das Europa der EU am Ende?,
  interview given to  DOLOMITEN, 1 June 2005
• Abrahamische Ökumene,
  interview on the EU accession of Turkey given to DOLOMITEN, 14 February 2005
• Ein Marshallplan für den Ost-Tourismus,
  interview given to ACADEMIA 36 (2004), pp. 44-45
• Zwischen Recht und Politik,
  Comment in DOLOMITEN, 13 October 2004
• Das Kreuz mit der Abaya im Schwimmbad,
  Essay in FF, 23 September 2004
• Gott auch für Nichtgläubige,
  Essay in DIE FURCHE, Nr 25, 17 June 2004, p.
• Licht und Schatten der EU25,
  interview given to ACADEMIA 35 (2004), pp. 6-9
• Oh, quante belle lingue, Mamma UE,
  interview given to ACADEMIA 35 (2004), pp. 20-22
• Interview zur Gottesfrage in der EU-Verfassung,
  interview given to DOLOMITEN, 28 June 2004
• Una (nuova) Costituzione per l'Europa,
  interview  given to ACADEMIA 35 (2004), pp. 15-16
• Interview zur Bozner Erklärung,
  in FF 17 June 2004
• Die Grenz-Radler,
  Essay (impressions from Cyprus) in ACADEMIA 35 (2004), pp. 30-34
• EU: Minority Protection - Initiative Seeks To Set Higher Standards,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, May 2004
• Les minorités de l'UE et leurs langues en 2004! A quoi ressemble l'ordre du jour de l'UE?,
  Essay in CONTACT BULLETIN, Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2003
• Zankapfel Zypern,
  Comment on Cyprus, in DOLOMITEN, 3/4 April 2004
• Sparks will fly at Rome conference to finalise EU-constitution,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, 2 October 2003
• Leaders seek to heal wounds at enlargement summit in Athens,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, 23 April 2003
• Zeit für neue Ansätze,
  Essay in DOLOMITEN, 4 March 2003
• Souveränitätsschale verletzt,
  interview given to TAGESZEITUNG, 20 March 2003
• Split highlighted as eight European leaders back US on Iraq,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, 31 January 2003 
• EU: Can cultural diversity survive in an expanded Union?,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, August 2002
• Schwarzbau Europa,
  Essay in FF, March 2002
• EU: Preserving Cultural Identity Causes Dilemma in Era of Globalization,
  interview given to RADIO FREE EUROPE, March 2002
• Una rivoluzione che mangierá i propri figli,
  Essay in ACADEMIA 27, October 2001, see also: Der Terror wird seine eigenen Kinder fressen, in ZETT, 23 September 2001
• Südtirol auf europäischem Prüfstand,
  in DOLOMITEN, 3 September 2002
• Was ist Krieg?,
  Essay in FF, 27 September 2001
• Österreich raus, EU rein,
  Essay in ACADEMIA 22, March 2000
• Der EuGH als unverhoffter Anwalt der Minderheiten,
  Essay in ACADEMIA 18, March 1999, pp. 7-9

IV. SELECTED PRESENTATIONS & LECTURES (only 2007/8)

• European Union Law and Language Rights, speech given at the OSCE-conference "Linguistic Rights of National Minorities", 18/19 June 2008, organised by the OSCE HCNM and the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, Oslo (Norway)
• Grundrechte im Europäischen Wirtschaftsrechte,
  lecture given at the Master of Business Law, Universität St. Gallen (M.B.L.-HSG), 26 May 2008, St. Gallen (Switzerland)
• New approaches to the Issue of Minorities in the European Union", intervention given at the round table hearing of the Intergroup for Traditional Minorities and Constitutional regions and Regional Languages, 7 May 2008, European Parliament, Brussels (Belgium)
• Sexual orientation and sexual transformation in EU-law, speech given at the conference "Diversity and European Integration", 1/2 April 2008, conference organised by the European Unioon Centre of Excellence, Miami (United States)
• The role and the potential of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency, speech given at the international conference "The protection of Fundamental Rights in the European Union", 19-20 September 2007, organised by the ERA Trier (Germany)
• Introduction to EU constitutional law, lecture given at the Master in European Integration and Regionalism, 6 September  2007, Bozen/Bolzanop (Italy)
• Diversity managment in Europe: how fundamental are rights?, lecture given at the First Internal Diversity Summer School, 14 July 2007, Vienna (Austria)
• Allgemeine Rechtsprinzipien im Europäischen Gemeinschaftsrecht,
  lecture given at the Master of Business Law, Universität St. Gallen (M.B.L.-HSG), 6. July 2007, St. Gallen (Switzerland)
• EU law and the protection of human rights: genesis, development, prospects; lecture given at the Master in European Integration and Regionalism, 20 June 2007, Bozen/Bolzanop (Italy)
• EU law and the protection of minority rights: genesis, development, prospects; lecture given at the Master Programme in European Integration and Regionalism, 20 June 2007, Bozen/Bolzanop (Italy)
• Diversity managment in the European Condominium: a proposal for a division of labour; lecture given at the Master Programme in European Integration and Regionalism, 22 June 2007, Bozen/Bolzanop (Italy)

V. ACADEMIC EDUCATION

• Ph.D. (EUI, Law department)
• LL.M. (DUK)
• Certificate on detailed studies in European Community Law (Law School at the Danube University Krems)
• Research visit at the Chair of European Community Law, Prof. DDDr.Georg Ress (University of Saarbrücken)
• Mag.iur. (University of Innsbruck)
• Certificate in European Integration and Transatlantic Issues (CIFE, Centre International de Formation Eurpéenne)

VI. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

• GEOGRAPHY: Born 1970 in Munich. Grew up in Thiersee, Salzburg and Bozen. Studied in Innsbruck, Krems, Saarbrücken and Florence. Thus rooted in the German-Austrian-Italian triangle.
• BIOGRAPHY: Enthusiastic father of the two most notable creatures named Leonie and Antonia and proud husband of "Doctor Julia".
• AFFINITY (things he likes): to sit on a terrasse and do a bit of reading, a BBQ with good friends, armadillos, the spring and the autumn, water in all its forms, elefants, biking, hot Chinese soup, books, traveling, the process of European integration (why Europe?), observing Darth Vader when he orders "penne all'arrabiata" in the cantine of his Death Star and many more things.
• ANTIPATHY (things he does not like): inter alia to get up too early, to be amongst too many people on a too small space, the VAT, searching for a parking lot, too many words about nothing, absence of modesty or humour, cold coffee.