BIBLIOGRAPHY:
THE EU AND THE PROTECTION OF MINORITIES

A

• Abdikeeva, Alphia, Meeting EU „Standards" for Accession?, in EUMAP feature "European standards in minority protection", 2001 
• Amato, Giuliano and Batt, Judy, Minority Rights and EU enlargement to the East, report of the fisrt meeting of the reflection group on long-term implications of EU enlargement: the nature of the new border, RSC policy paper No. 5 (1998)
• Arnold, Rainer, Europäische Union und Minderheitenschutz, in Gerrit Manssen and Boguslaw Banaszak (eds.), Minderheitenschutz in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Peter Lang, Frankfurt, 2001, pp. 237-259

B

• Bell, Mark, Anti Discrimination Law and the European Union, Oxford University Press, 2002 
• Biscoe, Adam, The European Union and Minority Nations, in Peter Cumper and Steven Wheatley (eds.), Minority Rights in the "New" Europe, Kluwer, The Hague 1999, pp. 89-103
• Blumenwitz, Dieter, Die minderheitenschutzrechtlichen Anforderungen der EU hinsichtlich des Beitritts der ost- und ostmitteleuropäischen Staaten, in Dieter Blumenwitz, Gilbert H. Gornig, and Dietrich Murswiek (eds.), Fortschritte im Beitrittsprozeß der Staaten Ostmittel-. Ost- und Südosteuropas zur Europäischen Union, Verlag WuP, Köln 1999, pp. 25-35
• Blumenwitz, Dieter, Überlegungen zu Ansprüchen Vertriebener im Kontext der Beitrittsverhandlungen zur Europäischen Union, in Dieter Blumenwitz and Gilbert Gornig (eds.), Der Schutz von Minderheiten- und Volksgruppenrechten durch die Europäische Union, Verlag WuP, Köln 1996, pp. 31-54
• Breuer, Marten, The Act on Hungarians living in neighbouring countries challenging Hungary's obligations under public international law and European Community Law, in Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche  Studien, 2 (2002), pp. 255-279
• Brezigar, Bojan, The protection of linguistic minorities within the Constitution of the European Union, Bulletin, Vol. 19 Nr. 4, Sept. 2003, p. 3
• Brunner, Georg, EU-Minderheitenpolitik und kollektive Minderheitenrechte, in Osteuropa 2 (2002), pp. 220-228

D

• De Witte, Bruno, The constitutional resources for an EU minority protection policy in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 107-124.
• De Witte, Bruno, Politics Versus Law in the EU´s Approach to Ethnic Minorities, EUI Working Papers RSC No. 4 (2000), published later in Jan Zielonka, Europe unbound, Routledge, New York 2002, pp. 137-159
• De Witte, Bruno, The European Community and its Minorities', in Brölmann, Lefeber, Zieck (eds), Peoples and Minorities in International Law,  Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht 1993, pp. 167-185
• De Witte, Bruno, The impact of European Community rules on linguistic policies of the Member States, in Florian Coulmas (ed.), A language policy for the European Community: prospects and quandaries, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1991, pp. 163-177
• De Witte, Bruno, Surviving in Babel? Language Rights and European Integration', in Dinstein & Tabory (eds), The Protection of Minorities and Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht 1992, pp. 277-300.
• De Witte, Bruno, Cultural Legitimation: Back to the Language Question', in S. Garcia (ed), European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy, London, Pinter Publishers, 1993, pp. 154-171.
• Dorodnova, Jekaterina, EU concerns in Estonia and Latvia: Implications of Enlargement for Russia's behavior Towards the Russian-speaking Minorities, RSC No.40 (2000)
• Driessen, Bart, The Slovak State Language Law as a Trade Law Problem, in Miklós Kontra et al. (eds.), A right & a resource, Central European University Press, Budapest 1999, pp. 147-165

E

• Estébanez, María Amor Martín, The protection of national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, in N. A. Neuwahl and A. Rosas (eds.), The European Union and Human Rights, Kluwer, The Hague 1995, pp. 133-163

F

• Ferrero, Ruth, The forgotten issue? Eastward enlargement and national minorities

G

• Gärtner, Wolfram and Hempel, Mirek, Das Gesetz über die polnische Sprache im Lichte des Europäischen Rechts, in Zeitschrift für Rechtsvergleichung 1 (2001), pp. 9-14
• Guglielmo, Rachel, Human rights conditionality in the accession process: monitoring the situation of Roma and Muslims in an enlarging EU, in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 37-58.

H

• Heidbreder, Eva G. and Carasco, Laura, Assessing the Assessment. A review on the Application Criterion Minority protection by the European Commission, EIPA working paper No. 2003/W/4, Maastricht 2003 
• Henrard, Kristin, The impact of the enlargement process on the development of a minority protection policy within the EU: Another aspect of responsibility/burden sharing?, in Maastricht Journal Vol. 9 No. 4 (2002), pp. 357-391.
• Hillion, Christophe, On enlargement of the European Union: The discrepancy between membership obligations and accession conditions as regards the protection of minorities, Fordham International Law Journal, 27 (2001), pp. 715-740
• Hilpold, Peter, Minderheiten im Unionsrecht, in Archiv des Völkerrechts, Bd. 39 (2001), pp. 432-471
• Hofmann Rainer and Erik Friberg, The enlarged EU and the Council of Europe: transfer of standards and the quest for future cooperation in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 125-148. 
• Hofmann, Rainer, National Minorities and European Community Law, I. Ziemele (ed.), Baltic Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 2 (2002), pp. 159-174
• Hoffmeister, Frank, Monitoring minority rights in the enlarged European Union, in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 85-106.
• Horn, Jörg, Minderheitenschutz. Keine konsequente Konzeption, in eumagazin 3(2001), pp. 22-24.
• Hughes, James and Sasse, Gwendolyn, Monitoring the Monitors: EU Enlargement Conditionality and Minority Protection in the CEECs, in JEMIE, No. 1 (2003) 

J

K

• Klein, Eckart, Überlegungen zum Schutz von Minderheiten und Volksgruppen im Rahmen der Europäischen Union, in Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung, Festschrift für Rudolf Bernhardt, 1995, Heidelberg 1995, pp. 1211 – 1224
• Kremser, Holger, Die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs zur Niederlassungsfreiheit in der EU und die Bedeutung für nationale Minderheiten, in Blumenwitz/Gornig/Murswiek (Hrg.), Fortschritte im Beitrittsprozeß der Staaten Ostmittel-, Ost- und Südosteuropas zur Europäischen Union,  Verlag WuP, Köln 1999, pp. 51-65
• Kronenthal, Melissa, A Critical Assessment of EU Minority Language, Policy and Practice, Mercator Working Paper No. 13, 2003

L

• Labrie, Normand/Nelde, Peter H./Weber, Peter J., Projet d´étude sur les langues moins répandues dans l´UE, in Europa Etnica 2 (1994), pp.67-70
• Liebich, André, Ethnic minorities and long-term implications of EU enlargement, EUI Working Paper RSC No. 49 (1998),  published later in Jan Zielonka, Europe unbound, Routledge, New York 2002, pp. 117-136)
• Lynch, P., Minority Nationalism and European Integration, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1996

M

• Marí, Isidor/Strubell, Miquel, The linguistic regime of the European Union: Prospects in the face of enlargement, "Europa Diversa", Workshop: Linguistic proposals for the future of Europe, Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain), 31 May-1 June 2002
• Murswiek, Dietrich, Der europäische Standard des Volksgruppen- und Minderheitenschutzes im Rahmen des Stabilitätspaktes von Paris – Voraussetzungen für die Aufnahme ostmitteleuropäischer Staaten in die Europäische Union?, in Dieter Blumenwitz, Gilbert H. Gornig and Dietrich Murswiek (eds.), Der Beitritt der Staaten Ostmitteleuropas zur Europäischen Union und die Rechte der deutschen Volksgruppen und Minderheiten sowie der Vertriebenen, Verlag WuP, Köln 1997, p. 145-162

N

• Nagel, Klaus-Jürgen, Transcending the National / asserting the National: How Stateless Nations like Scotland, Wales and Catalonia react to European integration, in Australian Journal of Politics and history, Volume 50, Number 1, 2004, pp. 58-75, an older version was published as National Europe Centre Paper No. 39 (2002), Australian National University 
• Nagel, Klaus-Jürgen, Transcending the National/Asserting the National. How Stateless Nations like Scotland, Wales and Catalonia React to European Integration, in National Europe Centre Paper No. 39 (2002)
• Nas, Cigdem, The Approach of the European Parliament to the Issue of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Rights in Turkey within the Context of the European Minority Rights Sub-Regime, Jean Monnet working papers in comparative and international politics No. 18 (1998) 
• Nelde, Peter H./Weber, Peter J,  EUROMOSAIC – zur gegenwärtigen Situation von Minderheitensprachen in der Europäischen Union, in Europa Etnica 1 (1995), pp. 33-38
• Nettesheim, Martin, EU-Beitritt und Unrechtsaufarbeitung, in Europarecht 1 (2003), pp. 36-64

O

• Ò Riagáin, Dónall, The lesser used languages of Europe & their participation in the programmes of the European Union, contribution to the Europa Diversa Expert Meeting "Linguistic proposals for the future of Europe", Barcelona, May 31 - June 1 2002
• Ò Riagáin, Dónall, Many tongues but one voice: a personal overview of the role of the European, reau for lesser used languages in promoting Europe's regional and minority languages, in Camille C. O'Reilly (ed.), Language, ethnicity and the state, Vol. 1: Minority languages in the European Union,Palgrave Macmillan, 2001, pp. 20-39
• Ò Riagáin, Dónall, The European Union and lesser used languages, in MOST Journal on Multicultural Societies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2001

P

• Packer, John, The enlarged EU and the OSCE: models for future co-operation in the area of minority protection in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward (working title), forthcoming 2004, Budapest, LGI Books
• Palermo, Francesco, The Use of Minority Languages: Recent Developments in EC law and Judgements of the ECJ, in Maastricht Journal, Vol. 3 (2001),  pp. 299-318
• Papagianni, Katia, The making of minority policies in the context of an emerging European regime on minority rights; the cases of Slovakia and Estonia, paper presented at the 13th Conference of Europeanists, Chicago, 14-16 March 2002
• Peers, Steve, "New" minorities – what status for Third-Country Nationals in the EU system?, in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 149-162. 
• Pentassuglia, Gaetano, The EU and the Protection of Minorities: The Case of Eastern Europe, in European Journal for International Law, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2001, pp. 3-38
• Poleshchuk, Vadim, Estonia, Latvia and the European Commission: Changes in Language Regulation in 1999-2001, in EUMAP feature "The limits of law", 2002
• Pujadas Bernat, The Protection of Minority Languages in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia, a Requirement for EU-Accession, in Mercator Bulletin 53 (2003), Dossier Nr. 13

R

• Ram, Melanie H., Democratization through European Integration: The case of minority rights in the Czech Republic and Romania, in Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 38 No. 2 (2003), pp. 28-56
• Ram, Melanie H., European Union Aspirations and Obligations: The EU Influence on Minority Rights in Candidate States, paper presented at the conference "Voice or Exit: Comparative Perspectives on Ethnic Minorities in 20th Century Europe", Humboldt University, June 14-16 2001, Berlin
• Riedel, Sabine, Die Minderheitenpolitik in der EU-Erweiterungsperspektiv, Studie der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin 2002 (published also in a shortened version: Minderheitenpolitik im Prozeß der EU-Erweiterung. Dynamisierung ethnischer Konflikte durch positive Diskriminierung, in Osteuropa, 11/12 (2001), pp. 1262-1285). See also: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Die Minderheitenpolitik im EU-Erweiterungsprozeß, Tagungsbericht, Berlin 2002.
• Roger, Antoine, The influence of the European Union on political orientations of ethnic minorities: comparing post-communist Bulgaria, Romania and Latvia, paper presented at the conference "Voice or Exit: Comparative Perspectives on Ethnic Minorities in 20th Century Europe", Humboldt University, June 14-16 2001, Berlin
• Riedel, Sabine, Die Minderheitenpolitik im EU-Erweiterungsprozeß, SWP Studie, Berlin, 2002 (published also as Minderheitenpolitik im Prozeß der EU-Erweiterung, in Osteuropa, 11/12, 2001, pp. 1262-1285)

S

• Sabathil, Gerhard, Gesamteuropäische Ziele einer Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union – Vertragliche Vorgaben für den Beitritt ostmitteleuropäischer Staaten, in Dieter Blumenwitz, Gilbert H. Gornig and Dietrich Murswiek (eds.), Der Beitritt der Staaten Ostmitteleuropas zur Europäischen Union und die Rechte der deutschen Volksgruppen und Minderheiten sowie der Vertriebenen, Verlag WuP, Köln 1997, pp. 105-113
• Sagüés, Elena García, The EU: A new window of opportunity to widen the rights of persons belonging to linguistic minorities, in Europa, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2000
• Sändig Arndt and Baumgartner Inken, Beitrittsvoraussetzungen der Europäischen Union (Kopenhagener Kriterien) in bezug auf die Situation der Roma und anderer Minderheiten in den südosteuropäischen Kandidatenländern, in MenschRechtsMagazin 3 (2003), pp. 161-172
• Sasse, Gwendolyn, Minority rights and EU enlargement: Normative overstretch or effective conditionality? in Gabriel N. Toggenburg, Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 59-84. 
• Schimmelfennig, Frank/Engert, Stefan/Knobel, Heiko, The Conditions of Conditionality, The Impact of the EU on Democracy and Human Rights in European Non-Member States, Paper prepared for Workshop 4, "Enlargement and European Governance", ECPR, Joint Session of Workshops, Turin, 22-27 March 2002
• Schlögel, Jürgen, Der Schutz ethnischer Minderheiten als allgemeiner Rechtsgrundsatz des Gemeinschafttsrechts, Kovacs, Regensburg 2003.
• Schnabl, Bojan-Ilija, Communication Problems for Lesser Used Languages in Discourse of European Integration, Abridged version of the lecture at the UNESCO within the Conference on International Cultural Studies in Paris, 15.-19. September 1999
• Schwellnus, Guido, The Role of Argumentative Coherence in the EU’s Justification of Minority Protection as a Condition for Membership, in Helene Sjursen (ed.), Elargement in Perspective. ARENA Report Nr. 2/05. Oslo, ARENA, University of Oslo, pp.247-274, http://www.arena.uio.no/cidel/Reports/Avila_Report.htm.
• Schwellnus, Guido, "Much ado about nothing? – Minority Protection and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights", Constitutionalism Web-Papers (ConWEB), 5 (2001)
• Schwellnus, Guido, Conditionality and its misfits, Paper presented at the 2002 ECPR (European Consortium for Political Research) Joint Sessions, Workshop 4: "European Governance and Enlargement", Turin, March 22-27, 2002  
• Schwellnus, Guido and Lerch, Marika, Europe´s role as a Promoter of International Human Rights: Modes and dynamics of justifying supranational foreign policy, paper presented at the European Consortium for Political Research General Conference, Marburg, Germany, 18-21 September
• Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, The EC, the distribution of powers and the determination of language policy: unwrapping a multi-layered paradigm, contribution to the Europa Diversa Expert Meeting "Linguistic proposals for the future of Europe", Barcelona, May 31 - June 1 2002
• Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, EC law and minority language policy, Kluwer Law international, Tha Hague, 2002
• Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, The European Union and Minority Language Rights (1), in MOST Journal on Multicultural Societies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2001
• Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, Ascertaining a Minority Linguistic Group: Ireland as a Case Study, in Deidre Fottrell and Bill Bowring, Minority and Group rights, Nijhoff, The Hague/Boston/London 1999, pp. 87-110, at 101-106.
• Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, The Impact of European Law on Linguistic Diversity, in Irish Journal of European Law 1996, pp. 62-80
• Smith, David J., Minority Rights, Multiculturalism and EU Enlargement: the Case of Estonia, in JEMIE, Issue 1 (2003)
• Streinz, Rudolf, Minderheiten- und Volksgruppenrechte in der Europäischen Union, in Dieter Blumenwitz and Gilbert Gornig (eds.), Der Schutz von Minderheiten- und Volksgruppenrechten durch die Europäische Union, Verlag WUP, Köln 1996, pp. 11-30

T

• Tesser, Lynn M., The Geopolitics of Tolerance: Minority Rights under EU Expansion in East-Central Europe, in East European Politics and Societies, Vol.17,3(2003), pp. 483-532.
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Europas Integration und Südtirols Autonomie: Konfrontation - Kohabitation - Kooperation?,
  in Joseph Marko et al., Die Verfassung der Südtiroler Autonomie, Nomos, Baden-Baden,  2005, pp. 451-494
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Minority Protection in a Supranational Context: Limits and Opportunities, in Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Minority protection and the enlarged European Union: The way forward, 2004, Budapest, LGI Books, pp. 107-124.
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., The Debate on European values and the case of cultural diversity, in  European Diversity and Autonomy Papers - EDAP 2004/1.
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Diversity of Languages and Mobility of Persons, in Bruno de Witte and Miriam Aziz, European Law and Linguistic Diversity, Intersentia, Antwerpen 2005 forthcoming
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., "Unity in diversity": searching for the regional dimension in the context of a somewhat foggy constitutional credo, in Roberto Toniatti, Marco Dani and Francesco Palermo,  An ever more complex Union. The regional variable as missing link in the European Constitution, Nomos 2004, pp. 27-56.
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Minorities (...) the European Union: is the missing link an 'of' or a 'within'?,
  Journal of European Integration, Vol. 25 (3), 2003, September, pp. 273-284
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Les minorités de l'UE et leurs langues en 2004! A quoi ressemble l'ordre du jour de l'UE?, in Contact Bulletin Vol. 19, No. 3, May 2003, p. 7
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., Diritto comunitario e tutela delle minoranze in provincia di Bolzano. Due aspetti inconciliabili di un (unico) sistema?, in J.Marko, S.Ortino and F.Palermo (eds.), L'ordinamento speciale della provincia autonoma di Bolzano, Cedam, Verona 2001, pp. 139-195
• Toggenburg, Gabriel N., A Rough orientation through a delicate relationship: the European Union´s endeavours for (its) minorities, in European Integration online papers (Eiop), Vol. 4 No. 16, 2000 (published also in Snezana Trifunovska (ed.), Minority rights in Europe – European Minorities and languages, Asser Press, The Hague 2001, pp. 205-234
• Törnquist Plewa, Barbara, Nationalism and Minority questions in Central and eastern Europe in the context of EU enlargement, CFE working paper, Lund University, 2001
• Tsilevich Boris, EU enlargement and the protection of national minorities: opportunities, myths, and prospects, in EUMAP feature "European standards in minority protection", October 2001

V

• Van den Berghe, Frédéric, The European Union and the Protection of Minorities: How real is the alleged double standard?, The Yearbook of European Law 2003, Vol. 22, Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 155-202
• Vermeersch, Peter, Minority policy in Central Europe: Exploring the impact of the EU's enlargement strategy, in The Global Review of ethnbopolitics, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2004), pp. 3-19
• Vermeersch, Peter, EU Enlargement and Minority Rights Policies in Central Europe: Explaining Policy Shifts in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, in Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues  in Europe, 1(2003), pp. 1-32.

W

• Wiener, Antje and Schwellnus, Guido, Contested Norms in the Process of EU Enlargement: Non-Discrimination and Minority Rights, in Constitutionalism Web-Papers, ConWEB No. 2/2004
• Wilson, Duncan, Minority Rights in Education, Lessons for the European Union from Estonia, Latvia, Romania and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2002
• Woelk, Jens, Das MERCATOR-Netzwerk ist geknüpft – Wie die EU weniger verbreitete Sprachen fördert, in POGROM, August/September 1995, pp.36 and 37