Bruno De Witte Member of the Institutes' Ring of Friends former Member of the Institute's Scientific Board

I. CURRENT POSITION

• Professor of European Law. Formerly University of Maastricht.
• Dean of Studies of the European University Institute
• Co-director of the Academy of European Law at the EUI

II. MAIN ACTIVITIES

RESEARCH:

• Institutional law of the European Union, including among others: relations between EU law and national law, and between international law and EU law; protection of fundamental rights; horizontal division of powers (between the institutions) and vertical division of powers (with the member states); sources of EU law.
• European, international and comparative legal regulation of culture, media, education and language use, and the protection of minorities.
• Dutch and Belgian public law

TEACHING:

Teaches various seminars at the European University Institute in Florence

EDITORIAL BOARDS:

Member of editorial boards such as:

• European Law Journal;
• European Human Rights Law Review;
• European Journal of International Law;
• European Constitutional Law Review;
• Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law;
• European Diversity and Autonomy Papers (EDAP);
• correspondent of the Rivista Italiana di Diritto Pubblico Comunitario.

III. PUBLICATIONS

• `La pluralité ethnique et l'autonomie culturelle - étude comparative','in Y. Mény (ed.), Centres et périphéries: le partage du pouvoir, Paris, Economica, 1982.
• (with J.U. Clauss) `Linguistic Minorities in Southern Italy: A Periphery far from the Border', in B. De Marchi and A.M. Boileau (eds.), Boundaries and Minorities in Western Europe, Milano, Franco Angeli Editore, 1982, 229-244.
• `Chronique de l'administration a l'étranger - Belgique', in Administration 82, Paris, Institut International d'Administration Publique, 1983, 121-128; Idem, in Administration 83, 85-92.
• `Retour a "Costa" - La primauté du droit communautaire a la lumiere du droit international', in Revue trimestrielle de droit européen 1984, 425-454.
• `La Belgique', in Y. Mény (dir.), La réforme des collectivités locales en Europe - Stratégies et résultats, Paris, La Documentation Francaise (Notes et Etudes Documentaires) 1984, 101-122.
• `Regioni e regionalismo in Belgio', in Le Regioni 1984, 294-331.
• `Linguistic Equality: A Study in Comparative Constitutional Law', in Llengua i Dret, nr 6 (1985), 43-126.
• (with M. Cappelletti), `Enforcing the International Law of Human Rights: The Case of Italy', in Italian National Reports to the XII International Congress of Comparative Law - Sidney 1986, Milano, Giuffre, 1986, 319-347.
• `The Reform of the European Regional Development Fund', in Common Market Law Review 1986, 419-440.
• 'Building Europe's Image and Identity', in Rijksbaron, Roobol, Weisglas (eds), Europe from a Cultural Perspective, Amsterdam, Nijgh en Van Ditmar, 1987, 132-139.
• 'The Scope of Community Powers in Education and Culture in the Light of Subsequent Practice', in Bieber & Ress (Hrsg.), Die Dynamik des europäischen Gemeinschaftsrechts, Baden Baden, Nomos, 1987, 261-281.
• 'Cultural Policy ; The Complementarity of Negative and Positive Integration', in Schwarze & Schermers (eds), Structure and Dimensions of European Community Policy, Baden Baden, Nomos, 1988, 195-204.
• 'Droits fondamentaux et protection de la diversité linguistique', in Pupier & Woehrling (eds), Language and Law/ Langue et droit, Montréal, Wilson et Lafleur, 1989, 85-101.
• `Cultural Policy Limits to Fundamental Rights', in A.Kaufmann et al. (Herausg.), Rechtsstaat und Menschenwürde - Festschrift für Werner Maihofer zum 70. Geburtstag, Frankfurt, Vittorio Klostermann, 1989, 651-667.
• European Community Law of Education (De Witte, editor), Baden Baden : Nomos, 1989. 'Cultural Linkages', in W.Wallace (ed), The Dynamics of European Integration, London, Pinter Publishers, 1990, 192-210.
• `Recht op onderwijs zonder grenzen? Het recht op onderwijs in de EG-context', in Jura Falconis 1990, 535-549.
• The Integrated Mediterranean Programmes in the Context of Community Regional Policy , EUI Working Paper, No.90/8.
• `Taalminderheden en Europese integratie', in Gorter, Van Rijn en De Vries (red.), Autochtone Taalminderheden - Juridische en Bestuurlijke Verkenningen, Ljouwert, Fryske Akademy, 1990, 27-42.
• `Droit communautaire et valeurs constitutionnelles nationales', in Droits n.14 (1991), 87-96. (with H.G.Post),
• 'Educational and Cultural Rights', in Cassese, Clapham, Weiler (eds), Human Rights and the European Community: The Substantive Law, Baden Baden, Nomos, 1991, 123-176.
• 'Minorités nationales : reconnaissance et protection', Pouvoirs, no.57, 1991, 113-127.
• 'Community Law and National Constitutional Values', in Legal Issues of European Integration, 1991/2, 1-22.
• 'The Impact of European Community Rules on Linguistic Policies of the Member States', in Coulmas (ed), A Language Policy for the European Community - Prospects and Quandaries, Berlin, Mouton de Gruyter, 1991, 163-177.
• 'Communauté (Belgique)', 'Communauté autonome', 'Fédération', in Duhamel et Mény (sous la dir. de), Dictionnaire constitutionnel, Paris, P.U.F., 1991.
• 'Le principe d'égalité et la pluralité linguistique', in H.Giordan (sous la dir. de), Les minorités en Europe - Droits linguistiques et droits de l'homme, Paris, Edit. Kimé, 1992, 55-62.
• `Het Europees onderwijsrecht', in Europa en het onderwijs - Preadviezen van de Vereniging voor Onderwijsrecht, Zwolle, Tjeenk Willink, 1992, 13-44.
• The Common Law of Europe and the Future of Legal Education - Le droit commun de l'Europe et l' avenir de l'enseignement juridique (De Witte & Forder, eds.), Deventer, Kluwer, 1992.
• 'Surviving in Babel? Language Rights and European Integration', in Dinstein & Tabory (eds), The Protection of Minorities and Human Rights, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1992, 277-300.
• 'The Influence of European Community Law on National Systems of Higher Education', in Pertek (ed), General Recognition of Diplomas and Free Movement of Professionals, Maastricht, EIPA, 1992, 73-89.
• `Equivalentie van studieperiodes en erkenning van diploma's', in Tijdschrift voor Onderwijsrecht en Onderwijsbeleid 1992-93, 290-295.
• 'The European Community and its Minorities', in Brölmann, Lefeber, Zieck (eds), Peoples and Minorities in International Law, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1993, 167-185.
• `Pays Bas: Une tradition d'Etat unitaire décentralisé', in L'administration territoriale en Europe, Paris, Institut international d'administration publique (Dossiers et débats), 1993, 83-94.
• `Conclusion: A Legal Perspective', in Vilfan (ed.), Ethnic Groups and Language Rights, European Science Foundation and Dartmouth Press, 1993, 303-314.
• `The Freedom of Movement of Goods and Services', in Waaldijk and Clapham (eds.), Homosexuality; A European Community Issue, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1993, 317-333.
• `Higher Education and the Constitution of the European Community', in Gellert (ed.), Higher Education in Europe, London/Philadelphia, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1993, 186-202.
• 'Cultural Legitimation: Back to the Language Question', in S. Garcia (ed), European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy, London, Pinter Publishers, 1993, 154-171.
• `Las regiones y las comunidades europeas durante 1992'in Informe Pi i Sunyer sobre Comunidades Autonomas 1992, Barcelona, Fundació Oi i Sunyer, 1994, 421-433.
• 'The European Dimension of Legal Education', in P. Birks (ed), Reviewing Legal Education, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994, 68-76.
• `Economische, sociale en culturele rechten: de rol van de Europese Gemeenschap', in Coomans, Heringa en Westendorp (red.), De toenemende betekenis van economische, sociale en culturele mensenrechten, Leiden, NJCM-Boekerij, 1994, 8-22.
• `The Position of Advertising in the Constitutional Order of the Netherlands', in W. Skouris (ed), Advertising and Constitutional Rights in Europe, Baden Baden, Nomos, 1994, 237-258. 'La influencia del derecho comunitario en los sistemas nacionales de ensenanza superior', in Autonomies - Revista Catalana de Derecho Publico, n.17, 1994, 43-54.
• `Recht en cultureel beleid in de Europese Gemeenschap: ruimte voor eenheid in verscheidenheid?', in AA.VV., Recht en Europese cultuur - Europees recht en cultuur, Antwerpen, Maklu, 1994, 63-85.
• `Rules of Change in International Law: How Special is the European Community?', in Netherlands Yearbook of International Law XXV, 1994, 299-333.
• `The Cultural Dimension of Community Law', in Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law, Vol.IV, Book 1 (1995) 229-299.
• `The European Content Requirement in the EC Television Directive - Five Years After', in The Yearbook of Media and Entertainment Law 1995, 101-127.
• `Interpreting the EC Treaty like a Constitution: The Role of the European Court of Justice in Comparative Perspective', in Bakker, Heringa, Stroink (eds), Judicial Control - Comparative Essays on Judicial Review, Antwerpen, Maklu, 1995, 133-152.
• `International Agreement or European Constitution?', in Winter, Curtin, Kellermann, De Witte (eds), Reforming the Treaty on European Union - The Legal Debate, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 1996, 3-18.
• `De Intergouvernementele Conferentie 1996: herziening van het EU-verdrag zonder herziening van de procedure', SEW 1996, 253-262.
• `Protection of Fundamental Social Rights in the European Union - the Choice of the Appropriate Legal Instrument', in L. Betten and D. McDevitt (eds), The Protection of Fundamental Social Rights in the European Union, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 1996, 63-74.
• `Les Pays-Bas', in J. Rideau (dir.), Les Etats membres de l'Union européenne. Adaptations - Mutations - Résistances, Paris, L.G.D.J., 1997, 367-390.
• `Sovereignty and European Integration: The Weight of Legal Tradition', in A.-M. Slaughter, A. Stone Sweet, J.H.H. Weiler (eds.), The European Court and National Courts - Doctrine and Jurisprudence. Legal Change in its Social Context, Oxford, Hart Publishing, 1998, 277-304.
• (with M. Claes) `Report on the Netherlands', in A.M. Slaughter et al. (see previous note), 171-194.
• `An Untidy Federation of Nation-States', in W.T. Eijsbouts (Ed.), Bastard or Monster - Money, Territory and the Constitution of Europe, Amsterdam, Van Hoogendorp Centre for European Constitutional Studies, 1998, 90-100. `The Pillar Structure and the Nature of the European Union: Greek Temple or French Gothic Cathedral?', in T. Heukels, N. Blokker, M. Brus (eds.), The European Union after Amsterdam - A Legal Analysis, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 1998, 51-68.
• (with M. Claes), `Het Britse recht en de Europese Unie', Ars Aequi 1998, 521-533.
• `Les implications constitutionnelles, pour un Etat, de la participation a un processus d'íntégration régionale', in E.H. Hondius (ed.), Netherlands Reports to the Fifteenth International Congress of Comparative Law - Rapports néerlandais pour le quinzieme congres international de droit comparé - Bristol 1998, Antwerpen/Groningen, Intersentia, 1998, 379-393.
• `Direct Effect, Supremacy and the Nature of the Legal Order', in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds), The Evolution of EU Law, Oxford, OUP, 1999, 177-213.
• `Kroniek van het Europees recht', Nederlands Juristenblad, 1999, 1480-1486.
• `The Past and Future Role of the European Court of Justice in the Protection of Human Rights', in Philip Alston (ed), The EU and Human Rights, Oxford, OUP, 1999, 859-897.
• `Die Jurisdiktion des Gerichtshofs der Europäischen Gemeinschaften nach Amsterdam', in Europarecht, Beiheft 1-99, 91-97.
• `Politics versus Law in the EU's Approach to Ethnic Minorities', EUI Working Paper RSC No.2000/4.
• `Old-Fashioned Flexibility: International Agreements between Member States of the European Union', in G. de Burca and J. Scott (eds), Constitutional Change in the EU - From Uniformity to Flexibility? (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2000), 31-58.
• `Institutionele beginselen van Gemeenschapsrecht', in Liber Amicorum Walter van Gerven (Deurne: Kluwer, 2000), 25-40.
• 'Institutional Principles: A Special Category of General Principles of EC Law', in U. Bernitz and J. Nergelius (eds), General Principles of European Community Law (The Hague: Kluwer law International, 2000), 143-159.
• 'De organisatievorm van de Europese Unie', in Bijdragen aan een Europese grondwet (Deventer: Tjeenk Willink, 2000), 45-58.
• 'The Role of Institutional Principles in the Judicial Development of the European Union Legal Order', in F. Snyder (ed), The Europeanisation of Law – The Legal Effects of European Integration (Oxford: Hart, 2000), 83-100.
• 'The Nice Declaration: Time for a Constitutional Treaty of the European Union?', International Spectator, 2001, 21-30 (also published in Italian: 'La Dichiarazione di Nizza: e tempo di un Trattato costituzionale dell'Unione europea?', Europa Europe, 2001, n.2/3, 195-204.
• 'The Legal Status of the Charter: Vital Question or Non-Issue?', Maastricht Joyrnal of European and Comparative Law, 2001, 81-89.
• 'Constitutional Aspects of European Union Membership in the Original Six Member States: Model Solutions for the Applicant Countries?', in A.E. Kellermann, J.W. de Zwaan, J. Czuczai (eds), EU Enlargement – The Constitutional Impact at EU and National Level, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2001, 65-79.
• 'Trade in Culture: International Legal Regimes and EU Constitutional Values', in G. de Burca and J. Scott (eds), The EU and the WTO. Legal and Constitutional Issues, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001, 237-255.
• B. de Witte, D. Hanf, E. Vos (eds), The Many Faces of Differentiation in EU Law, Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2001, 390 p.
• 'Chameleonic Member States: Differentiation by Means of Partial and Parallel International Agreements', in The Many Faces of Differentiation, cit. above, 231-267.
• 'Le rôle passé et futur de la Cour de Justice des Communautés européennes dans la protection des droits de l'homme', in P. Alston, M. Bustelo et J. Heenan (dir.), L'Union européenne et les droits de l'homme, Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2001, 895-935.
• 'Clarifying the Delimitation of Powers – A Proposal with Comments', in Europe 2004 Le grand débat. Setting the Agenda and Outlining the Options, Brussels: European Commission, 2002, 121-129.
• 'The Ubiquity of Asymmetrical Government – Some Constitutional and International Experiences', in A. Schrauwen (ed), Flexibility in Constitutions. Forms of Closer Cooperation in Federal and Non-Federal Settings, Groningen: Europa Law Publishing, 2002, 31-40.
• 'Politics versus Law in the EU's Approach to Ethnic Minorities', in J. Zielonka (ed), Europe Unbound. Enlarging and Reshaping the Boundaries of the European Union, London: Routledge, 2002, 137-160.
• 'The Closest Thing to a Constitutional Conversation in Europe: The Semi-Permanent Treaty Revision Process', in P. Beaumont, C. Lyons and N. Walker (eds), Convergence and Divergence in European Public Law, Oxford: Hart, 2002, 39-57.
• 'Anticipating the Institutional Consequences of Expanded Membership of the European Union', 23 International Political Science Review (2002), 235-248.
• 'Il processo semi-permanente di revisione dei trattati', in Quaderni costituzionali (2002) 499-520. 'The Delimitation of Powers between the EU and its Member States' (with G. de Búrca), in A. Arnull and D. Wincott (eds), Accountability and Legitimacy in the European Union, Oxford: OUP, 2002, 201-222.
• 'Simplification and Reorganization of the European Treaties', 39 Common Market Law Review, 2002, 1255-1287. 'The Impact of Enlargement on the Constitution of the European Union', in M. Cremona (ed), The Enlargement of the European Union, Oxford: OUP, 2003, 209-252.
• B. de Witte (ed), Ten Reflections on the Constitutional Treaty for Europe, Florence: Robert Schuman Centre at the EUI, 2003, 221 p.
• 'Entry into Force and Revision', in Ten Reflections, cit., 203-219.
• 'The European Constitutional Treaty: Towards an Exit Strategy for Recalcitrant Member States?' (Guest Editorial), 10 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law (2003), 3-8.
• 'Besluitvormen en besluitvorming', chapter 5 in Kapteyn/VerLoren van Themaat, Inleiding tot het recht van de Europese Unie en van de Europese Gemeenschappen, 6h ed, 2003, pp. 229-270 and 317-343.
• Editor of a special issue of European Law Journal, 'The Legal Construction of the Wider Europe', Volume 9, Number 3 (July 2003). 'Do Not Mention the Word: Sovereignty in Two Europhile Countries, Belgium and the Netherlands', in N. Walker (ed), Sovereignty in Transition, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2003, 351-366.
• 'Guest Editorial – The Revival of the Pioneer Group Idea', EU Constitution Project Newsletter (The Federal Trust), March 2004, 1-3.
• 'The Constitutional Law of External Relations', in I. Pernice and M. Poiares Maduro (eds), A Constitution for the European Union: First Comments on the 2003-Draft of the European Convention, Baden Baden: Nomos, 2004, 95-106.
• 'Entrata in vigore e revisione del trattato costituzionale', in L. S. Rossi (a cura di), Il progetto di Trattato-Costituzione. Verso una nuova architettura dell'Unione europea, Milano: Giuffre, 2004, 101-122.
• 'Human Rights and Membership of the European Union' (with G.N. Toggenburg), in S. Peers and A. Ward (eds), The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004, 59-82. 'The Institutional Balance in the European Union: Is there a Need for a New Horizontal Division of Powers?', in R. Herzog and S. Hobe (Hg.), Die Europäische Union auf dem Weg zum verfassten Staatenverbund: Perspektiven der europäischen Verfassungsordnung, München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2004, 57-65.
• 'Future Paths of Flexibility: Enhanced Cooperation, Partial Agreements and Pioneer Groups', in J.W. de Zwaan, J.H. Jans, F.A. Nelissen and S. Blockmans (eds), The European Union an Ongoing Process of Integration. Liber Amicorum Alfred E. Kellermann, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004, 141-152.
• 'Entrée en vigueur et révision du traité constitutionnel',in L.S. Rossi (sous la dir. de), Vers une nouvelle architecture de l'Union européenne. Le projet de Traité-Constitution, Bruxelles : Bruylant, 2004, 77-98.
• The National Constitutional Dimension of European Treaty Revision – Evolution and Recent Debates, The Second Walter van Gerven Lecture, Groningen : Europa Law Publishing, 2004, 21 p.
• 'Language Law of the European Union: Protecting or Eroding Linguistic Diversity?', in R. Craufurd Smith (ed), Culture and European Law, Oxford: OUP, 2004, 205-241.
• 'Ratificeringen av EU:s nya fördrag – vad händer om den misslyckas?', Sieps Rapport, nr 8, December 2004, 31 p.
• 'The Constitutional Resources for an EU Minority Protection Policy', in G. N. Toggenburg (ed), Minority Protection and the Enlarged European Union: The Way Forward, 2004, 107-124.
• 'Revision', in European Constitutional Law Review (2005), (special issue on The New European Constitution: Themes and Questions), 136-140.
• 'Regional Autonomy, Cultural Diversity and European Integration: The Experience of Spain and Belgium', in S. Ortino, M. Zagar and V. Mastny (eds), The Changing Face of Federalism. Institutional Reconfiguration in Europe from East to West, Manchester University Press, 2005, 202-225.
• Constitución europea y constituciones nacionales, Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2005 (edited by M. Cartabia, B. de Witte and P. Perez Tremps), 692 p.
• 'La dimensión nacional de la reforma de los Tratados Europeos: evolución y debates recientes', in Constitución europea y constituciones nacionales, cit., 193-217.
• 'La dimensione nazionale della revisione dei Trattati europei', in Quaderni costituzionali (2005) 39-65.
• 'European Treaty Revision: a Case of Multilevel Constitutionalism', in I. Pernice and J. Zemanek (eds), A Constitution for Europe: The IGC, the Ratification Process and Beyond (2005) 59-76.
• 'Proces ratyfikacji i możliwości wyjścia z kryzysu z perspektywy prawnej', in Nowa Europa (2005) 295-319.
• Social Rights in Europe, Oxford: OUP, 2005 (edited by G. de Búrca and B. de Witte), 421 p.
• 'The Trajectory of Fundamental Social Rights in the European Union', in G. de Búrca and B. de Witte (eds), Social Rights in Europe (2005) 153-168.
• 'The Process of Ratification and the Crisis Options: A Legal Perspective', in D. Curtin, A. Kellermann and S. Blockmans (eds), The EU Constitution: The Best Way Forward?, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press (2005) 21-38.

IV. CONTACT

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European University Institute
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ITALY

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Internet: http://www.iue.it/LAW/People/Faculty/CVs/dewitte.shtml