New publication: Understanding and Managing Multi-Hazard Risks in a Changing World

Natural hazards such as floods, heatwaves, storms, or earthquakes increasingly occur not in isolation but as interconnected events. These so-called multi-hazard situations can trigger cascading effects across infrastructure, economies, and societies, often amplifying overall risk. This growing complexity presents major challenges for disaster risk management (DRM), especially as communities recovering from one event may be more vulnerable to the next.

The paper builds on discussions from the 3rd International Conference on Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World (Amsterdam, June 2024), which brought together around 280 scientists and practitioners. The aim was to assess progress in multi-hazard research and identify priorities for improving implementation of the United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). A recent mid-term review of this framework highlighted key gaps, including limited data sharing, weak coordination across governance levels, insufficient investment, and incomplete early warning systems.

Using a systematic analysis of conference sessions, the authors identify four main themes that are critical for advancing multi-hazard risk management:

First, improving risk assessment tools and decision-making is essential. While new models and data approaches exist, they must better capture the dynamic interactions between hazards and their impacts on society. Decision-makers need tools that are not only scientifically robust but also practical and accessible.

Second, there is a need for a deeper understanding of complex risk landscapes. Multi-hazard risks are shaped not only by physical processes but also by social, economic, and political factors. This requires moving beyond traditional risk assessments to include issues such as inequality, governance structures, and cultural contexts.

Third, emerging technologies—including artificial intelligence, big data, and advanced modelling—offer significant potential to improve risk analysis and early warning systems. However, their implementation must be inclusive and carefully managed to avoid reinforcing existing inequalities.

Fourth, multi-level governance plays a crucial role. Effective DRM depends on better coordination between local, national, and international actors, as well as stronger collaboration between science, policy, and practice.

A key message of the paper is that technical improvements alone are not enough. Addressing multi-hazard risks requires fundamental changes in how knowledge is shared and how decisions are made. The authors highlight the importance of “knowledge brokers”—actors who can translate between scientific, policy, and local perspectives—and call for more participatory approaches that involve stakeholders throughout the process.

In conclusion, the paper argues that disaster risk reduction must evolve towards more integrated and inclusive systems. Strengthening connections between data, governance, and society is essential to close current implementation gaps and to prepare for future challenges. These insights are not only relevant for the remaining years of the Sendai Framework but also for shaping global disaster risk strategies beyond 2030, contributing to broader goals such as climate resilience and sustainable development.