Large-scale copy number variant analysis in genes linked to Parkinson´s disease.
Landoulsi Z, Lohmann K, Vollstedt EJ, Wedgwood-Benn E, Niestroj LM, Laabs BH, Sendel S, Balck A,
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-025-01076-y
Vice Head of Institute
Institute for Biomedicine
Main Research Interests
Being Vice Head of the Institute for Biomedicine involves interacting with the senior management team of the Institute to develop and execute the strategic development of the Institute overall, in order to help achieve our mission and vision. As Group Leader of the Translational Biology programs at the Institute, my main focus is to map the genes involved in complex diseases of the population, study the interactions between these gene and environment, and look for opportunities to develop specific targets towards products and services and solutions that can positively impact the health of the population. Currently we have active research programs to identify functionality of genes associating with Parkinson’s disease, and whether these can be manipulated for potential therapeutic benefit using novel biological drugs. We are also working on genetic targets for Arrhythmogenic Crdiomyopathy and are establishing research programs into mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability that might underlie chronic pain and neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy. We are trying to orient our research not only to basic cellular mechanisms with the goal of identifying pathways and targets that could lead to new opportunities for potential intervention, but are focussed on taking initial steps to develop novel interventional strategies within a precision health approach.
Short C.V.
From 1981-1985 I studied Biochemistry (with supplemental Chemical Pharmacology) at Oxford University (LMH) in what is now the MBiochem. program, obtaining my Bachelors (B.A.) and Masters (M.A.) degrees. From there I moved to Cambridge (Pembroke), and from 1985-1989 obtained my PhD at the MRC Molecular Neurobiology unit on the site of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB). During this time (1988) I also spent 6 months at the NIH laboratory of Dr J.C. Venter. From 1989-1992 I stayed in Cambridge as a Senior Research Associate for Neuroscience at Peterhouse, studying neurotransmitter receptor genes as candidates in neurological and psychiatric disorders. I then moved to France, and from 1992-1998 was a Project Director in the CNRS laboratory of Jacques Mallet, investigating changes of gene expression in models of synaptic plasticity. I then moved to Iceland (via the Faroe Islands) and from 1998-2007 was the Project Leader and Director of Movement Disorder Genetics within the CNS division of deCODE genetics Inc. with a focus on the genetics of Parkinson’s disease and Restless legs Syndrome. During this time (1998-2003) I acted as a part-time consultant to the Government of the Faroe Islands to help in establishing the framework for genetic research on the Islands. In 2007 I moved to what is now the Institute for Biomedicine at Eurac Research, holding positions of Deputy Scientific Director and Group Leader for Molecular Medicine and then Neuromedicine groups. Since 2018 my role is Vice Head of Institute and Group Leader for Translational Genomics, which in 2024 became Translational Biology overall, by merging the Translational Genomics and Translational Human Models groups. Overall, I have been working for the last 25 years in the field of complex disease genetics, both mapping genes and establishing functional research programs with experimental human cell models to investigate the role of genes in disease mechanisms, and look for potential points of intervention with novel biological drugs .
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2lcHjOsAAAAJ&hl=en
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-0411
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-hicks-86032a/
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrew-Hicks-5
Twitter: @andrewhicks
Eurac Research is a private research center based in Bolzano (South Tyrol) with researchers from a wide variety of scientific fields who come from all over the globe. Together, through scientific knowledge and research, they share the goal of shaping the future.

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Landoulsi Z, Lohmann K, Vollstedt EJ, Wedgwood-Benn E, Niestroj LM, Laabs BH, Sendel S, Balck A,
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-025-01076-y
Malkoc A, Riekschnitz D, Rosato Siri M, Hicks A, Pramstaller P, Pischedda F, Volta M
Andrew Hicks, Mattia Volta, Peter P. Pramstaller, Diana Riekschnitz, Marcelo Rosato Siri
Project: The molecular biology of Neurocovid
Here, we present a protocol for electrophysiological recording from human three-dimensional (3D) organoids using substrates designed for two-dimensional cultures. We describe steps for generating midbrain 3D organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) utilizing 6-well multi-electrode array (MEA) plates. We then detail procedures for recording neuronal activity via the neural module for Axion Maestro system. Our approach provides neural recording in organoids with high reliability and reproducibility, opening new avenues for research into human neurodevelopment and disease modeling.
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2025.104208
Favaretto E, Gögele M, Bedani F, Giovannini S, Pramstaller PP, Perugi G, Erfurth A, Sani G,
Andrew Hicks, Martin Gögele, Roberto Melotti, Peter P. Pramstaller
Background: Affective temperaments predispose to life adaptation and affective disorders. The relationship between temperaments and sleep quality is rarely investigated in community-based studies. We hypothesized that cyclothymic-related temperaments relate to worse sleep quality, whereas the hyperthymic temperament favours sleep quality.
Method: We investigated 3701 18 to 65 years old adults from the population-based CHRIS study in Italy. Participants were 54 % females, mean age 38.5 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was the primary outcome score. Five affective temperaments split into quartiles for direct comparison from the TEMPS-M questionnaire were the exposures of interest. Additional covariates comprised sex, age, trait anxiety, and sleep quality-related lifestyles assessed via interviews, self-administered questionnaires or instrumental measurements.
Results: The hyperthymic temperament showed a negative association (better sleep quality) with the global PSQI, whereas the cyclothymic-related temperaments had all associations in opposite direction. While inclusion of trait anxiety appeared to mediate some results, the anxious and other cyclothymic related temperaments were still directly associated with multiple dimensions of poor sleep quality.
Limitations: The cross-sectional design, possible selection into the study by temperamental background or sleep disorders, and no clinically validated self-assessed psychiatric constructs represent possible weaknesses.
Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis of a biological binary diathesis of affective temperaments, with hyperthymic and cyclothymic-related temperaments predisposing sleep quality in an antithetical way.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.055
Keaton JM, Kamali Z, Xie T, Vaez A, Williams A, Goleva SB, Ani A, Evangelou E,
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01714-w
Tschigg K, Consoli L, Brüggemann N, Hicks AA, Staunton C, Mascalzoni D, Biasiotto R
Recall-by-genotype (RbG) is a bottom-up approach using existing genetic data to design follow-up stratified studies. Genetic information may be partially disclosed at invitation, thus raising ethical issues which call for defined best practices for disclosure and communication in RbG approaches. Within the context of the ProtectMove sub-project of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, we investigated research participant perspectives on RbG communication strategies (Step 1 and 4, questionnaire with a subsample of CHRIS participants with and without previous experience of RbG, respectively). Additionally, we explored researchers’ and study personnel’s experience with RbG (Step 2 and 3, focus group discussion). In step 1 (N = 95), participants were generally satisfied with the study process. Most (71.6%) wanted to know their carrier status for personal and collective benefit. Tailored disclosure strategies and transparent, effective, and well-thought-out communication approaches were advocated by study personnel (Step 2, N = 6) and researchers (Step 3, N = 7). Challenges in dealing with uncertainty, concerns caused by RbG invitations, and the possibility of misunderstanding were also raised. In step 4 (N = 369), participants valued being informed of study details at the first invitation stage, and generally felt comfortable towards RbG study invitations (58.5%) and to receiving genetic information after the study (58.5–81.6%). Comfort and perceived impact of disclosure of genetic information varied according to the type of variant being potentially disclosed. This study suggested designing communication strategies, based on clear and understandable explanations, sensitive to participant expectations and preferences, developing case-by-case solutions for disclosure.
DOI: 10.1007/s12687-024-00733-8
Burtscher J, Duderstadt Y, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Vozdek R, Millet GP, Hicks AA, Ehrenreich H,
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various deficits in sensing and responding to reductions in oxygen availability (hypoxia). Here we summarize the evidence pointing to a central role of hypoxia in PD, discuss the relation of hypoxia and oxygen dependence with pathological hallmarks of PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dopaminergic vulnerability, and alpha-synuclein-related pathology, and highlight the link with cellular and systemic oxygen sensing. We describe cases suggesting that hypoxia may trigger Parkinsonian symptoms but also emphasize that the endogenous systems that protect from hypoxia can be harnessed to protect from PD. Finally, we provide examples of preclinical and clinical research substantiating this potential.
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031759
Zanon A, Guida M, Lavdas AA, Corti C, Castelo Rueda MP, Negro A, Pramstaller PP, Domingues FD,
Andrew Hicks, Irene Pichler, Alexandros Lavdas, Corrado Corti, Peter P. Pramstaller
Background: Loss-of-function mutations in the PRKN gene, encoding Parkin, are the most common cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have previously identified mitochondrial Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2), which functions in the assembly of respiratory chain proteins, as a Parkin-binding protein. Selective knockdown of either Parkin or SLP-2 led to reduced mitochondrial and neuronal function in neuronal cells and Drosophila, where a double knockdown led to a further worsening of Parkin-deficiency phenotypes. Here, we investigated the minimal Parkin region involved in the Parkin-SLP-2 interaction and explored the ability of Parkin-fragments and peptides from this minimal region to restore mitochondrial function.
Methods: In fibroblasts, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons, and neuroblastoma cells the interaction between Parkin and SLP-2 was investigated, and the Parkin domain responsible for the binding to SLP-2 was mapped. High resolution respirometry, immunofluorescence analysis and live imaging were used to analyze mitochondrial function.
Results: Using a proximity ligation assay, we quantitatively assessed the Parkin-SLP-2 interaction in skin fibroblasts and hiPSC-derived neurons. When PD-associated PRKN mutations were present, we detected a significantly reduced interaction between the two proteins. We found a preferential binding of SLP-2 to the N-terminal part of Parkin, with a highest affinity for the RING0 domain. Computational modeling based on the crystal structure of Parkin protein predicted several potential binding sites for SLP-2 within the Parkin RING0 domain. Amongst these, three binding sites were observed to overlap with natural PD-causing missense mutations, which we demonstrated interfere substantially with the binding of Parkin to SLP-2. Finally, delivery of the isolated Parkin RING0 domain and a Parkin mini-peptide, conjugated to cell-permeant and mitochondrial transporters, rescued compromised mitochondrial function in Parkin-deficient neuroblastoma cells and hiPSC-derived neurons with endogenous, disease causing PRKN mutations.
Conclusions: These findings place further emphasis on the importance of the protein-protein interaction between Parkin and SLP-2 for the maintenance of optimal mitochondrial function. The possibility of restoring an abolished binding to SLP-2 by delivering the Parkin RING0 domain or the Parkin mini-peptide involved in this specific protein-protein interaction into cells might represent a novel organelle-specific therapeutic approach for correcting mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkin-linked PD.
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04850-3
Koller A, Filosi M, Weissensteiner H, Fazzini F, Gorski M, Pattaro C, Schönherr S, Forer L,
Andrew Hicks, Cristian Pattaro, Peter P. Pramstaller, Christian Fuchsberger
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52373-0
Ji Y, Temprano-Sagrera G, Holle LA, Bebo A, Brody JA, Le NQ, Kangro K, Brown MR,
Andrew Hicks, Martin Gögele, David Emmert, Christian Fuchsberger
Background: Antithrombin, PC (protein C), and PS (protein S) are circulating natural anticoagulant proteins that regulate hemostasis and of which partial deficiencies are causes of venous thromboembolism. Previous genetic association studies involving antithrombin, PC, and PS were limited by modest sample sizes or by being restricted to candidate genes. In the setting of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium, we meta-analyzed across ancestries the results from 10 genome-wide association studies of plasma levels of antithrombin, PC, PS free, and PS total.
Methods: Study participants were of European and African ancestries, and genotype data were imputed to TOPMed, a dense multiancestry reference panel. Each of the 10 studies conducted a genome-wide association studies for each phenotype and summary results were meta-analyzed, stratified by ancestry. Analysis of antithrombin included 25 243 European ancestry and 2688 African ancestry participants, PC analysis included 16 597 European ancestry and 2688 African ancestry participants, PSF and PST analysis included 4113 and 6409 European ancestry participants. We also conducted transcriptome-wide association analyses and multiphenotype analysis to discover additional associations. Novel genome-wide association studies and transcriptome-wide association analyses findings were validated by in vitro functional experiments. Mendelian randomization was performed to assess the causal relationship between these proteins and cardiovascular outcomes.
Results: Genome-wide association studies meta-analyses identified 4 newly associated loci: 3 with antithrombin levels (GCKR, BAZ1B, and HP-TXNL4B) and 1 with PS levels (ORM1-ORM2). transcriptome-wide association analyses identified 3 newly associated genes: 1 with antithrombin level (FCGRT), 1 with PC (GOLM2), and 1 with PS (MYL7). In addition, we replicated 7 independent loci reported in previous studies. Functional experiments provided evidence for the involvement of GCKR, SNX17, and HP genes in antithrombin regulation.
Conclusions: The use of larger sample sizes, diverse populations, and a denser imputation reference panel allowed the detection of 7 novel genomic loci associated with plasma antithrombin, PC, and PS levels.
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.318213
van de Vegte YJ, Eppinga RN, van der Ende MY, Hagemeijer YP, Mahendran Y, Salfati E, Smith AV, Tan VY,
Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39521-2
Castelo Rueda MP, Zanon A, Gilmozzi V, Lavdas AA, Raftopoulou AA, Delcambre S, Del Greco M F, Klein C,
Andrew Hicks, Irene Pichler, Alexandros Lavdas, Peter P. Pramstaller
Homozygous or compound heterozygous (biallelic) variants in PRKN are causal for PD with highly penetrant symptom expression, while the much more common heterozygous variants may predispose to PD with highly reduced penetrance, through altered mitochondrial function. In the presence of pathogenic heterozygous variants, it is therefore important to test for mitochondrial alteration in cells derived from variant carriers to establish potential presymptomatic molecular markers. We generated lymphoblasts (LCLs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons from non-manifesting heterozygous PRKN variant carriers and tested them for mitochondrial functionality. In LCLs, we detected hyperactive mitochondrial respiration, and, although milder compared to a biallelic PRKN-PD patient, hiPSC-derived neurons of non-manifesting heterozygous variant carriers also displayed several phenotypes of altered mitochondrial function. Overall, we identified molecular phenotypes that might be used to monitor heterozygous PRKN variant carriers during the prodromal phase. Such markers might also be useful to identify individuals at greater risk of eventual disease development and for testing potential mitochondrial function-based neuroprotective therapies before neurodegeneration advances.
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00499-9
Vos M, Klein C, Hicks AA
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168000