PEOPLERoberto Lollini

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Roberto Lollini

Research Group Leader
Institute for Renewable Energy

T +39 0471 055 615

roberto.lollini@eurac.edu

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-1166

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About

I am coordinating the research group "Energy Efficient Buildings - EEB". My skills are related to building physics and technologies, building management strategies, performance assessment, as well as evaluation the building real estate value, also considering the benefits of high quality and health indoor environment as well as low social and environmental impact.

The EEB group overall goal is to support the building stock transformation towards climate-neutrality by 2050, developing measures enabling 100% of buildings to be energy efficient, that means: affordable , comfortable and healthy, beautiful and functional, resilient and flexible, with the smallest need of non-RES and a tangible value in the real estate market.

The EEB research group approach is driven by:

People centric and users’ perception (wellbeing)
Effective building/user interaction (personal control)
Climate, social and cultural tailored (context-based)
Robust and cost-effective solutions (comprehensive performance)
Integration with local infrastructures (building as energy partner)
Building stock analysis (transformation scenarios)

Scientific Publications

Journal article2026

A simulation-based framework for parametric energy renovation strategies in European buildings

Fakhari M, Filippi Oberegger U, Turrin F, Lollini R

Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Roberto Lollini, Francesco Turrin

This study presents a simulation-based framework for evaluating energy renovation strategies across European building typologies and climate zones. A factorial parametric approach was used to simulate over 800,000 combinations of envelope assemblies, HVAC systems, and shading controls for three archetypes (single-family, multi-family, office) across five European climate zones under both current and projected (2050, RCP 8.5) weather conditions. A Rhinoceros/Grasshopper workflow generated an extensive, public simulation results framework, enabling evidence-driven renovation scenario exploration. The framework enables detailed assessment of both staged and deep renovation pathways by simulating envelopes and system upgrades in both isolated and combined configurations. Baseline models were calibrated using European building stock datasets, ensuring realistic energy performance with deviations within ± 10 % for residential cases. Results showed that retrofit solutions reduce space-heating demand higher than cooling demand. All outputs are compiled in an open-access platform that allows users to filter scenarios by building characteristics or performance targets. By integrating large-scale parametric simulation, empirical calibration, and climate change projections, this study offers a screening-level evidence base for comparing retrofit strategies across climates and building typologies. The framework provides a reproducible basis for prioritizing such strategies to support early-stage decision process through a performance-based transparent comparison among technology choices.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.116976

Journal article2025

Thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ) using automatic ceiling fans in residential buildings

Gupta A, Torriani G, Torresin S, Pistore L, Pellegatti M, Piazza L, Miorin F, Pasut W,

Francesco Babich, Annamaria Belleri, Roberto Lollini, Akshit Gupta, Giulia Torriani

Progetto: EU H2020 CULTURAL-E: Progettazione basata su fattori culturali e climatici e soluzioni tecnologiche con alto valore di mercato per edifici Plus Energy

In warm climates, resilient and low-energy methods for cooling building occupants are needed to ensure energy-efficient and adaptive thermal comfort. Air movement, particularly through ceiling fans, is an effective way to provide comfort in warm conditions, potentially minimizing or even avoiding the need for more energy-intensive air conditioning systems. This study aims to validate an algorithm for automatically adapting ceiling fan speed in residential settings based on room thermal conditions and focuses on subjective thermal satisfaction and perceived air quality (PAQ). An environmental chamber study was conducted with 30 participants across three different indoor air temperature conditions (27 °C, 29 °C, and 31 °C) over 2-hour sessions, testing four fan operational modes: Automatic (downward flow), Manual Direct (downward flow), Manual Reverse (upward flow), and Off. Subjective thermal satisfaction and PAQ were measured using standardized questionnaires on a 7-point Likert scale. Results showed that automatic operation maintained comparable thermal satisfaction levels to manual control, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.3) across all temperature conditions, indicating that the automatic algorithm successfully provided comfortable environmental conditions comparable to user-controlled settings. Direct flow mode (downward) significantly outperformed reverse flow mode in thermal satisfaction, especially at higher temperatures (29 °C and 31 °C, p < 0.05). Air movement in direct flow improved perceived air quality compared to the no fan condition across all temperatures (p < 0.05). Automatic fan control showed no difference in PAQ satisfaction across all temperature conditions (p > 0.2), while manual and off modes showed decreased satisfaction, particularly from 27 °C to 31 °C (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that automatic ceiling fans can achieve equivalent comfort satisfaction to manual operation while enabling a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional air conditioning. The validated automatic control system provides a practical pathway toward resilient and personalized cooling strategies in residential buildings, contributing to both climate change mitigation and the achievement of plus-energy building goals.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115317

Conference proceedings article2025

Web-based tool to evaluate and compare energy efficient renovation options for buildings

Fakhari M, Filippi Oberegger U, Lollini R

Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Roberto Lollini

This paper introduces the comprehensive web-based IWG5 tool to evaluate energy consumption, renovation costs, and environmental impacts for European residential and office building renovations. Developed to support the SET-Plan Implementation Working Group 5 on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, the tool establishes benchmarks across five European climate zones by integrating dynamic building performance simulations with environmental life cycle assessment and economic life cycle cost analysis. The database underlying the tool is built from extensive parametric simulations—covering over 800,000 cases— that explore various building typologies, retrofit options, and climate scenarios. Data on the current European building stock were collected and structured into representative reference models, with separate models developed for singlefamily houses, multi-family houses, and office buildings. Key building components such as envelope properties, HVAC systems, infiltration rates, and shading controls were systematically varied to assess their impact on energy performance and renovation viability. The tool also incorporates current and projected weather data to evaluate the effects of climate change on building performance. Validation through statistical data demonstrates that the database confirms both the accuracy of the parametric approach and the representativeness of the selected archetypes. The IWG5 Tool offers a holistic evaluation framework that can guide policymakers and professionals in developing cost-effective, environmentally responsible renovation strategies, contributing to the EU’s goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate neutrality.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1554/1/012063

Journal article2024

Bottom-up method to derive cost curves for space heating savings in residential buildings for all European countries

Oberegger Filippi U, Prina MG, Hummel M, Kranzl L, Pezzutto S, Lollini R, Sparber W

Simon Pezzutto, Roberto Lollini, Wolfram Sparber, Matteo Prina

Space heating constitutes approximately a quarter of final energy consumption in the European Union. Aligned with the ambition of the European Green Deal for climate-neutrality by 2050, effective energy system modelling is crucial for shaping strategies. However, integrating energy efficiency within the building sector remains challenging due to limited methodologies and data on specific energy consumption, heated surfaces, and retrofit costs. This paper proposes a methodology that balances accuracy and implementation effort through clustering analysis and relies entirely on open data primarily from the Hotmaps project to compute country-specific cost curves for energy savings in building space heating for each of the EU-27 countries. The aim is to empower energy system modelers to better incorporate energy efficiency measures into scenarios, thus advancing strategies in line with the European Green Deal. Findings indicate that the retrofits considered – insulation of façade, roof, ground floor; windows replacement – can save 40–60 % of space heating energy demand in most countries but marginal costs range widely, from 2 to 180 Eurocents invested per kWh saved over the retrofit lifetime. Climate conditions and existing insulation levels significantly influence the cost-effectiveness of these retrofits. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders working towards climate-neutral objectives.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111303

Journal article2024

Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX): A Portable Device Embedding Low-Cost Sensors Tailored for Comprehensive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring

Corona J, Tondini S, Gallichi Nottiani D, Scilla R, Gambaro A, Pasut W, Babich F, Lollini R

Francesco Babich, Stefano Tondini, Roberto Lollini, Jacopo Corona

The continuous monitoring of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) plays a crucial role in improving our understanding of the prominent parameters affecting building users’ health and perception of their environment. In field studies, indoor environment monitoring often does not go beyond the assessment of air temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration, lacking consideration of other important parameters due to budget constraints and the complexity of multi-dimensional signal analyses. In this paper, we introduce the Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX) system, which was designed for the simultaneous monitoring of quantities of some of the main IEQs with a low level of uncertainty and an affordable cost. Up to 15 parameters can be acquired at a time. The system embeds only low-cost sensors (LCSs) within a compact case, enabling vast-scale monitoring campaigns in residential and office buildings. The results of our laboratory and field tests show that most of the selected LCSs can match the accuracy required for indoor campaigns. A lightweight data processing algorithm has been used for the benchmark. Our intent is to estimate the correlation achievable between the detected quantities and reference measurements when a linear correction is applied. Such an approach allows for a preliminary assessment of which LCSs are the most suitable for a cost-effective IEQ monitoring system.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.3390/s24072176

Conference proceedings article2024

From single tests to a test-chain: A comprehensive approach for evaluating the interaction between the building envelope and the IEQ

Babich F, Pinotti R, Gazzin R, Visentin C, Lollini R

Riccardo Gazzin, Francesco Babich, Roberto Lollini, Riccardo Pinotti

Progetto: EU H2020 MEZeroE - Misurare prodotti e sistemi di involucro per contribuire alla prossima generazione di edifici salubri e con consumo energetico quasi zero (nZEB)

In recent years building envelope systems have become increasingly more com-plex. Especially in high-performance low-carbon buildings, envelopes comprise several passive and active components such as advanced membranes, mechanical ventilation machines and integrated photovoltaics that must be mutually optimized to ensure a global elevated performance. One of the key expectations from these innovative envelopes is better capabilities of providing highly comfortable and healthy indoor environments while using as little energy as possible. However, the complexity of such envelopes poses two major challenges: (i) standard assessment procedures might not be usable to evaluate them either because these do not fully capture their potential or be-cause the complexity of product makes the standard test unfeasible, and (ii) multiple indoor environmental quality (IEQ) domains are simultaneously affected by these envelopes, and thus complementary tests in different domain are needed to ensure that a benefit in one domain does not lead to issues in others. For this reason, a test-chain for a thorough energy demand, indoor occupants’ comfort, and behaviour analysis performance has been implemented. It comprises a set of labs and additional simulation capabilities to study the building envelope-IEQ interaction at various technology readiness level. This paper provides an overview of the test-chain and its first application for the evaluation of a multifunctional façade. This façade includes a reversible air-to-air heat pump, a mechanical ventilation system, and openable windows, and aims at easing the achievement of the nZEB target while delivering elevated IEQ.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202452301001

Journal article2024

Innovative use of mycelium in construction

Wierzbicka AM, Jagiełło-Kowalczyk M, Ławińska K, Haupt P, Gubert M, Paoletti G, Lollini R, Kavka U

Roberto Lollini, Giulia Paoletti, Martino Gubert

The goal of the interdisciplinary study presented in this paper was to identify opportunities for innovative applications of mycelium in construction, including housing construction. This solution is gaining significance due to its sustainability and eco-friendliness. Mycelium can be seen as an innovative alternative to traditional building materials, and can be transformed into permanent structures using mycotecture. In 2023, within the framework of cooperation between researchers from the Warsaw University of Technology and experts from the Łukasiewicz Research Network Institute, an experimental study was conducted and produced interesting results. The study is at the testing stage. The interdisciplinary research team grew to include researchers from the Cracow University of Technology, Eurac Research from Italy and InnoRenew CoE from Slovenia. The methodology of research on mycotecture is a comprehensive process that begins with defining research goals and analyzing the literature. After analyzing existing cases and drawing conclusions, research experiments are designed, which include both laboratory tests and field tests. Field tests of the material produced during the study was linked with the participation of students from the Warsaw University of Technology, who built the Future Pavilion also known as the “We Stand For” initiative, where a prototype mycelium brick was used in the pavilion’s structure.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.2478/he-2024-0029

Other2023

Understanding Positive Energy Buildings and Neighbourhoods - towards a common definition

Belleri A, Lollini R, Pozza C, Luque Sugura I, Pistore L, Türk A, Ala-Juusela M, ur Rehman H,

Annamaria Belleri, Roberto Lollini, Cristian Pozza

Progetto: EU H2020 CULTURAL-E: Progettazione basata su fattori culturali e climatici e soluzioni tecnologiche con alto valore di mercato per edifici Plus Energy

Positive Energy Buildings (PEBs) represent a step forward from Net Zero Energy Buildings. In particular, they shall contribute by decarbonizing the built environment, including surrounding buildings, exchanging energy among them or with the grid. Thus, they can reduce the energy grid congestion and provide a flexible energy asset that allows buildings and energy communities to act as an integrated part of the energy system, while ensuring healthy and comfortable indoor environment, embracing occupants’ diversities and needs, supporting users’ energy-related practices and their flexibility and minimizing their own carbon footprint. In this direction, a consolidated definition is needed in order to enable the design, assessment, and documentation of PEBs in different contexts, climates, cultures, and markets. This paper aims to present a joint understanding of the essence and benefits of Positive Energy Buildings applied to the residential sector, as discussed within the three sister projects Cultural-E (https://www.cultural-e.eu/ led by Eurac Research), EXCESS (https://positive-energy-buildings.eu/ led by Joanneum Research), and syn.ikia (https://www.synikia.eu/ led by NTNU), which were funded under the Programme H2020-EU.2.1.5.2/Call topic2. The joint work also led to the identification of barriers and drivers for an increased acceptance and adoption of PEBs and to the definition of a list of recommendations for policy makers.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7640333.svg

Journal article2022

The Impact of Evaluated Daylight to the Total Light Ratio on the Comfort Level in Office Buildings

Fakhari M, Fayaz R, Lollini R

Roberto Lollini

One of the main challenges in visual comfort assessment is controlling daylight in indoor spaces. The effect of daylight’s contribution to total light is one of the variables influencing how people perceive illumination in an indoor environment. This study investigates the optimal day-light-to-total light ratio that delivers the most satisfaction with the lighting environment. Therefore, a subjective survey of 509 questionnaires and field measurements in six office buildings in Tehran with a total of 257 rooms was conducted to assess lighting quality (daylight and artificial light). Furthermore, the effects of building characteristics and seasons on the acceptable range of daylight ratio are investigated. The results reveal that occupants prefer daylight to total light ratio ranging between 0.56 and 0.8. In contrast, occupants reported that a ratio less than 0.4 was unacceptable. It was also found that the optimum daylight-to-total light ratio is influenced by the season and the building characteristics.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.3390/buildings12122161

Book2021

European Building Stock Analysis: a country by country descriptive and comparative analysis of the energy performance of buildings

Gevorgian A, Pezzutto S, Zambotti S, Croce S, Filippi Oberegger U, Lollini R, Kranzl L, Müller A

Simon Pezzutto, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Roberto Lollini

Progetto: EU H2020 BuiltHub - Collettore dinamico di conoscenza sul parco costruito europeo

ISBN: 978-88-98857-68-5

The EU aimed to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. In parallel, renewable energy sources (RES) production was expected to increase by 20%, along with a 20% overall efficiency upgrade (1). By 2030, an integrated policy framework will compel EU Member States (MSs) to direct a coordinated approach and provide investors with applicable regulatory guidelines. By that year, the EU intends to decrease domestic emissions of GHG by 40% relative to 1990 levels. National policies are designed to permanently improve energy efficiency (EE) and increase the energy produced with RES to 27% (2). In order to achieve the 2050 targets, the EU must pursue further efforts. The EU MSs have declared a goal of decreasing GHG emissions in Europe by 80–95% relative to 1990 levels by 2050 (3). Primary energy demand in the EU amounted to about 1800 Mtoe/y in 2010, principally attributed to different heating and cooling (H&C) applications (almost 900 Mtoe/y, accounting also for industrial heat). The entire building sector accounts for around 720 Mtoe/y (40% of the entire EU primary energy demand). The most significant shares of energy demand within the European building stock are assigned, in decreasing order, to space heating (SH), domestic hot water (DHW), and space cooling (SC) with around 3200, 890, and 107 TWh/y, respectively (4). Recently, the EU and all of its MSs conducted a thorough investigation to classify their building stocks based on building typologies and existing floor area, without specifying energy demand values for SH, SC, and DHW according to the various construction periods. The results presented in this book correlated with the contribution towards energy efficiency and sustainable green design features into new/existing buildings. Buildings have become a top priority in recent years for building owners, designers, contractors, engineers, and facility managers. This book intends to address a deliberate and, for the first time, established data analysis of the whole European building stock—revealing a current trend of building final energy consumption and efficiency. The results concern different sectors and types of buildings. The whole picture of the European building stock analysis has established that building energy efficiency is not just the result of applying one or more isolated technologies but rather a complex process of establishing new energy-efficient materials, equipment, and operational strategies

Fonte

Journal article2021

Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application

Pernetti R, Pinotti R, Lollini R

Roberto Lollini, Riccardo Pinotti

Progetto: EU H2020 4RinEU - Concetti tecnologici e modelli di business robusti e affidabili per innescare il rinnovamento profondo degli edifici residenziali in EU

Renovation Wave aims to boost the uptake of deep renovation towards the CO₂ emission targets for 2030. In this perspective, there is the need of technologies and solution sets for improving the deep renovation process as well as demonstrating the performances for supporting the stakeholders in the decision-making process. To cope with the issue, this work presents a methodology for setting up a repository of building deep renovation packages that integrates industrialised facade technologies and more traditional solutions. The performances feeding into the repository have been evaluated by means of transient detailed simulations on a set of reference buildings in representative European climate conditions. The renovation packages are evaluated in terms of key performance indicators dealing with five areas: energy, comfort, pollutant emissions, cost, and renovation time. The defined repository includes 289 assessed technology packages and associated performances across Europe, providing a comprehensive support to identify the most effective solutions according to the user needs. The paper presents the application of the repository with two examples of stakeholders’ decision-making paths for selecting the deep renovation packages according to different priorities and expected targets.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.3390/su13116412

Conference proceedings article2021

Workshop on Positive Energy Buildings—Definition

Ala-Juusela M, Pozza C, Salom J, Luque Segura I, Tuerk A, Lollini R, Gaitani N, Belleri A

Annamaria Belleri, Roberto Lollini, Cristian Pozza

Progetto: EU H2020 CULTURAL-E: Progettazione basata su fattori culturali e climatici e soluzioni tecnologiche con alto valore di mercato per edifici Plus Energy

The building sector plays an important role in the transition to a climate-neutral society. The international interest in low, zero energy, or zero-emission buildings has grown as a potential means for this transition. A more ambitious step from zero energy buildings is the concept of Positive Energy Buildings (PEB), which are also contributing to the decarbonization of the surrounding built environment, not just minimizing their own carbon footprint. A shared PEB definition is needed in order to enable the design, assessment, and documentation of positive energy buildings. This article describes the ongoing discussions, concentrating on the most essential points.

DOI Fonte

DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021011026

Book2021

European Building Stock Analysis: a country by country descriptive and comparative analysis of the energy performance of buildings

Gevorgian A, Pezzutto S, Zambotti S, Croce S, Filippi Oberegger U, Lollini R, Kranzl L, Müller A

Simon Pezzutto, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Roberto Lollini

Progetto: EU H2020 BuiltHub - Collettore dinamico di conoscenza sul parco costruito europeo

ISBN: 978-88-98857-68-5

Fonte

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Roberto Lollini

About

Scientific Publications

A simulation-based framework for parametric energy renovation strategies in European buildings

Thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ) using automatic ceiling fans in residential buildings

Web-based tool to evaluate and compare energy efficient renovation options for buildings

Bottom-up method to derive cost curves for space heating savings in residential buildings for all European countries

Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX): A Portable Device Embedding Low-Cost Sensors Tailored for Comprehensive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring

From single tests to a test-chain: A comprehensive approach for evaluating the interaction between the building envelope and the IEQ

Innovative use of mycelium in construction

Understanding Positive Energy Buildings and Neighbourhoods - towards a common definition

The Impact of Evaluated Daylight to the Total Light Ratio on the Comfort Level in Office Buildings

European Building Stock Analysis: a country by country descriptive and comparative analysis of the energy performance of buildings

Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application

Workshop on Positive Energy Buildings—Definition

Science Shots Eurac Research Newsletter

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Scientific Publications

A simulation-based framework for parametric energy renovation strategies in European buildings

Thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ) using automatic ceiling fans in residential buildings

Web-based tool to evaluate and compare energy efficient renovation options for buildings

Bottom-up method to derive cost curves for space heating savings in residential buildings for all European countries

Environmental Quality bOX (EQ-OX): A Portable Device Embedding Low-Cost Sensors Tailored for Comprehensive Indoor Environmental Quality Monitoring

From single tests to a test-chain: A comprehensive approach for evaluating the interaction between the building envelope and the IEQ

Innovative use of mycelium in construction

Understanding Positive Energy Buildings and Neighbourhoods - towards a common definition

The Impact of Evaluated Daylight to the Total Light Ratio on the Comfort Level in Office Buildings

European Building Stock Analysis: a country by country descriptive and comparative analysis of the energy performance of buildings

Repository of Deep Renovation Packages Based on Industrialized Solutions: Definition and Application

Workshop on Positive Energy Buildings—Definition

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